There are a few physicians who call themselves "andrologists" and specialize primarily in infertility and sexual function. It is not yet a recognized speciality. Urology is the closest thing there is to a recognized specialty in men's health. It is therefore not surprising that BCBS asked a urologist to review the claim. An endocrinologist would also have been a good, perhaps better choice. It is surprising if the urologist said that antiobiotics should have been tried before surgery. Unless he is incompetent, he should have said "anti-estrogens." As Nothingworse already said in his post, antiestrogens such as tomoxifen are the only medical (non-surgical) treatments for gynecomastia. Apparently, tomixifen did not work for Nothingworse. There have, however, been recent studies in Britain showing that treatment with a three-month course of tamoxifen is successful in more than 70% of cases of recent-onset painful gynecomastia, with no adverse side-effects.
I am 64 years old and developed tenderness in both breasts about six months ago. My family doctor did hormone tests and found that testosterone was in the low-normal range, LH (luteinizing hormone) slightly elevated, and thyroid normal. He ordered an MRI to rule out a pituitary tumor. He sent my to a general surgeon to examine the small lumps, especially in my right breast, to rule out cancer. The surgeon said that cancer was unlikely, but he wanted to remove the lumps anyway. My family doctor preferred to wait a few months before anything as drastic as surgery. I am asked him about tamoxifen and he said he would rather not take the risk of messing with natural hormone levels and would recommend surgery rather than hormones, but only if the pain became really bad.
As of now, either my nipples are less sore than they were six months ago, or I have become used to it.
I am covered by Blue Cross of California. After the surgeon recommended removal of the lumps, I called Blur Cross to be sure that the procedure would be covered if I elected to have it. The agent said that removal of painful lumps should be covered and not considered "cosmetic," but she also said that she could not guarantee coverage. As far as I could determine, there was no way to get preapproval. They would evaluate the claim only after it had been submitted. I thought that not very helpful.
You should ask your family doctor and the surgeon to document the case-history and pursue the appeal. No one should suggest a conservative treatment with antibiotics. Furthermore, one might well choose not to try a so-called conservative treatment with anti-estrogens, because there have been few studies and there are risks with taking hormones. However, if your doctor did not at least do blood-tests to check testosterone and other hormones and did not do a pituitary study if the hormone levels were abnormal, then I would have to agree that the surgery was premature.
I am assume that the hormone tests were in fact done and found to be normal, so that there would appear to be no need either for an MRI or to try a course of anti-estrogens. If your doctors can document those facts, and if the pain was as severe as you say, then Blue Cross really should cover the surgery.