Different manufacturers use different methods to determine sizes. Supposedly, Bra sizing used to be based on blouse sizing. Typically, bra sizes are based off the band size, and then the cup size is the difference between the bust measurement and the band size. One some occasions I've seen them list it has band measurement instead of band size, but based on the accompanying calculator, that is an error due to incompetence
There are several different methods of coming up with the band size. Traditionally, it was underbust measurement +5 for the band size. However bra sizing is not standard. Many manufacturers have multiple sizing recommendations depending on if you used their charts or their calculators. The manufacturers even size different models differently. Here are several bra companies' and retailers recommended sizing methods for band size that I've come across.
Fruit of the loom: Underbust measurement + 5 gives band size.
Champion Sports: Underbust measurement +5, round up to even
New Balance: Underbust measurement +5, round down to even.
herroom: Underbust measurement +5 if odd, +4 if even.
Wacoalbras.com Underbust measurement +5 if odd, +4 if even.
Wacoal calculator: Underbust measurement +4 if even, +3 if odd.
Brooksrunning Underbust measurement +4, round up.
Warners: Underbust measurement +4, round up.
Warners: Underbust measurement +2, round up.
Anita - size charts: Underbust + 3.6, round up.
Anita Calculator: Underbust + 2, round up.
Warners: Underbust measurement +1, round up.
Kohls, Bare Necessities, Justmysize: Underbust, round up.
TrueandCompany: Underbust, round down.
And then some use the measurement above the bust for the band size.
Glamorize, Maidenform, Bali, Playtex, Herroom (alternate), Wacoal (optional): Torso
Victorias Secret: Torso, round down.
So depending on the method, chosen, it could be underbust to underbust +6 for a band size. This is why is highly recommend you do not use abrathatfits or the retailer. A better starting point is the manufactures recommendation.
Bottom line, you do not have a bra size, and anyone that acts like there is one, is a fool. You have a bra size for a specific model of bra.